BSNL is a classic case. It had monopoly for decades. It laid millions of km of telephone cable, erected thousands of mobile towers, and later optical fibers. It also employed huge number of employees to look after the network. The service it offered was at best bad, worse in most cases. With invasion of private players and mobiles, BSNL started losing customers and has kept losing them till now. Now whatever income comes in isn't enough to just pay salaries to the staff and pensions to ex-employees and their nominees. For paying salaries, it hasn't paid its suppliers for months. It also has some loans. It never thought to upgrade to 4G (never had the money, and no one wants to give loans to it) while government plans to roll out 5G in this fiscal. Last week only, it asked the government to infuse some money so it can pay this...
more... month's salaries and pensions. It is in fact in ICU. It may close down.